Mr. Al-Khoei's Efforts in Documenting the Documentation of Hussein Bin Yazid Al-Nawafli is A Model

يهدف هذا البحث إلى استعراض محاولات السيد الخوئي لجملة من الرواة كان قد استظهر وثاقتهم من عبائر بعض المؤلفين المتقدمين من قبيل (علي بن إبراهيم القمي في تفسيره)، و(النجاشي في رجاله)، و(الشيخ الطوسي في كتابه عُدّة الأصول). وأختار البحث دراسة أحد هؤلاء الموثقين إنموذجاً وهو (الحسين بن يزيد الفوفلي)؛ إذ أن السيد الخوئي ذهب إلى توثيق كل مَنْ انطبقت بحقه أحدى عبائر هؤلاء المؤلفين، نظير قولك: (كل مَن دخل داري فهو ثقة). وقد كشفت هذه الدراسة كثيرًا من التأمل في محاولات السيد الخوئي إذ الوثوق بالرواية لا يستلزم الوثاقة بالراوي، وإنّ إبتّناء العلماء المتأخرين على وثاقة الراوي يشوبه كثير من الحدس ولا يعتد به مالم يكن مبنياً على الحس؛ وأنّى لهم به.The aim of this research has proven that Sayed Al-Khoei tried to gather as much information from the previous researchers such as:(Ali bin Ibrahim Al-Qimi (Al-NAgashi) and (sheikh Al-Tousi) into one from of translated scripture inorder to from a clear study that everyone fall under this some sort of uncertainty (who ever enters my house is someone to be trusted) Most researchers have applied this quote on many people however Sayed Al-Khoei has a very valid points on this quote we must understand the difference between meaning of trusted and certified person. It's very hard to understand that this quote can be applied to anyone without complete certain evidence and clarification from others

Mr. Al-Khoei's Efforts in Documenting the Documentation of Hussein Bin Yazid Al-Nawafli is A Model

يهدف هذا البحث إلى استعراض محاولات السيد الخوئي لجملة من الرواة كان قد استظهر وثاقتهم من عبائر بعض المؤلفين المتقدمين من قبيل (علي بن إبراهيم القمي في تفسيره)، و(النجاشي في رجاله)، و(الشيخ الطوسي في كتابه عُدّة الأصول). وأختار البحث دراسة أحد هؤلاء الموثقين إنموذجاً وهو (الحسين بن يزيد الفوفلي)؛ إذ أن السيد الخوئي ذهب إلى توثيق كل مَنْ انطبقت بحقه أحدى عبائر هؤلاء المؤلفين، نظير قولك: (كل مَن دخل داري فهو ثقة). وقد كشفت هذه الدراسة كثيرًا من التأمل في محاولات السيد الخوئي إذ الوثوق بالرواية لا يستلزم الوثاقة بالراوي، وإنّ إبتّناء العلماء المتأخرين على وثاقة الراوي يشوبه كثير من الحدس ولا يعتد به مالم يكن مبنياً على الحس؛ وأنّى لهم به.The aim of this research has proven that Sayed Al-Khoei tried to gather as much information from the previous researchers such as:(Ali bin Ibrahim Al-Qimi (Al-NAgashi) and (sheikh Al-Tousi) into one from of translated scripture inorder to from a clear study that everyone fall under this some sort of uncertainty (who ever enters my house is someone to be trusted) Most researchers have applied this quote on many people however Sayed Al-Khoei has a very valid points on this quote we must understand the difference between meaning of trusted and certified person. It's very hard to understand that this quote can be applied to anyone without complete certain evidence and clarification from others

An Attempt to Find Suitable Parameters for Coagulation-Flocculation Processes for the Treatment of Water

تعتبر عكورة المياه من المحددات الفيزيائية المهمة لقياس نوعية المياه كونها مؤشر جيد لتحديد المعالجة المطلوبة لمياه الشرب.في الدراسة الحالية ,فحوصات الجرة القياسية ستجرى للحصول على افضل المحددات لتصميم عمليات التخثير- التلبيد.اثبتت النتائج بأن افضل زمن للخلط السريع (t1),  ولزمن الخلط البطيئ  (t2), ولزمن الترسيب (t3)   كان  1, 50 ,60 على التوالي اذ ان اعلى كفاءة ازالة للعكورة كانت (99.31, 98.56 , 94.72)% لزمن خلط سريع مقداره 5 دقائق وزمن خلط بطيئ مقداره 50 دقيقة وزمن ترسيب مقداره 60 دقيقة لقيم حامضية تتراوح (3.7 - 8.9). تم تمثيل القيم المقاسة لنسب ازالة العكورة بأستخدام تقنية الشبكات العصبية الصناعية ...اذ اوضحت النتائج تقارب جيد بين القيم المقاسة والقيم المخمنة بقيمة معامل تحديد (R2) وقيمة معدل الخطأ  0.932 , 0.5501 على التوالي.Water turbidity is considered as an important physical parameter of water quality. It is a good indicator for assessing the required treatment for the drinking water. In the present study, a standard jar tests were conducted to obtain the most suitable parameters for the design of coagulation-flocculation process. Results proved that the best rapid mixing time (t1), slow mixing time (t2), and settling time (t3) are 1, 50 and 60 min respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies of turbidity were 99.31, 98.56 and 94.72% at t1,  t2 and t3 equal to  5, 50 and 60 min respectively, with pH values ranged from 3.7 to 8.9. The measured values of water turbidity removal perecentage were represented using an artificial neural network (ANN) technique and the results signified that there is a remarkable agreement between experimental and predicted values with coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE) equal to 0.932 and 0.5501 respectively

Alternative Aggression among University Students

"هدف البحث الحالي التعرف إلى:        العدوان البديل لدى طلبة الجامعة. الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في العدوان البديل على وفق "الجنس- التخصص" لدى طلبة الجامعة.        ولتحقيق أهداف البحث اقتضى توفر أداة لقياس العدوان البديل لدى طلبة الجامعة, لذا  قام الباحثان ببناء المقياس وفق نظرية دولارد وآخرون, إذ تكوّن المقياس من (40) فقرة، وتألفت الاستجابة على فقرات المقياس وهي خمسة بدائل: (دائماً، غالباً، أحياناً، نادراً، ابداً) وبعد التحقق من الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس البحث وفقراتهما، طُبق على عينة البحث الأساسية البالغة (377) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الجامعة كان اختيارهم بالأسلوب الطبقي العشوائي المتناسب، وبعد تحليل البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS)، أفرزت النتائج ما يلي:       لدى طلبة الجامعة (عدوان بديل). لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية, لدى طلبة الجامعة وفق متغير الجنس, لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تبعاً لمتغير التخصص (إنساني, علمي). لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية. بالتفاعل بين (الجنس* التخصص)".         The aim of the current research is to identify: Alternative aggression among university students. 2.Statistically significant differences in alternative aggression according to "sex - specialization" among university students.         In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it was necessary to provide a tool for measuring alternative aggression among university students, so the researcher built the scale according to the theory of Dollard and others. rarely, never) and after verifying the psychometric properties of the research scale and their paragraphs, they were applied to the main research sample of (377) male and female students from the university students who were chosen in a proportional random stratified manner, and after analyzing the data statistically using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS), the results were produced the following:        University students have (alternative aggression). There are no statistically significant differences among university students according to the gender variable. There are no statistically significant differences according to the specialization variable (humanitarian, scientific). There are no statistically significant differences. By interaction between (gender * specialization)

The Ambiguous Identity and Royal Thinking Among University Students

يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على:        الهوية الملتبسة لدى طلبة الجامعة. التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الجامعة. العلاقة الارتباطية في الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في الهوية الملتبسة على وفق "الجنس - التخصص " لدى طلبة الجامعة. العلاقة الارتباطية في الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في التفكير الملكي على وفق "الجنس- التخصص" لدى طلبة الجامعة.        ولتحقيق أهداف البحث اقتضى توفر أداتين لقياس كل من الهوية الملتبسة والتفكير الملكي, لذا قامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس للتعرف على الهوية الملتبسة، ومقياس للتعرف على التفكير الملكي، وبعد التحقق من الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياسي البحث وفقراتهما، طُبِّقا على عينة البحث الأساسية والبالغة (377) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الجامعة كان اختيارهم الأسلوب الطبقي العشوائي المتناسب، وبعد تحليل البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS)، أفرزت النتائج ما يلي:       لدى طلبة الجامعة (هوية ملتبسة). وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية، ولدى طلبة الجامعة وفق متغير الجنس وجاءت النتيجة لصالح الذكور لامتلاكهم للهوية الملتبسة، وتبعاً لمتغير التخصص (إنساني، علمي). جاءت النتيجة لصالح التخصص الإنساني. والتفاعل بين (الجنس* التخصص): لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية. وأن طلبة الجامعة لا يستعملون التفكير الملكي. ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في التفكير الملكي لدى طلبة الجامعة تبعا لمتغير(الجنس والتخصص) وكذلك لا يوجد  تفاعل بالتخصص (إنساني،علمي)، والجنس (ذكور، إناث).The current research aims to identify: The ambiguous identity of university students. Royal thinking among university students. 3.Statistically significant differences in the ambiguous identity according to "sex - specialization" among university students 4.Statistically significant differences in royal thinking according to "sex - specialization" among university students.         In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it required the availability of two tools to measure each of the ambiguous identity and royal thinking, so the researcher adopted the  scale to identify the ambiguous identity, and the scale to identify the royal thinking, and after verifying the psychometric properties of the two research scales and their paragraphs They were applied to the basic research sample of (377) male and female students from the university students, who were chosen according to the proportional random stratified method, and after analyzing the data statistically using the Statistical Bag for Social Sciences (SPSS), the results revealed the following:        University students have (ambiguous identity). There are statistically significant differences among university students according to the gender variable, and the result was in favor of males because they have an ambiguous identity, and according to the specialization variable (humanitarian, scientific). The result was in favor of the humanitarian specialization. And the interaction between (sex * specialty): There are no statistically significant differences. And university students do not use royal thinking. There are no statistically significant differences in royal thinking among university students according to the variable (gender and specialization), as well as there is no interaction with)

Asthma control factors in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the effectiveness of ICS/LABA fixed dose combinations: a dual rapid literature review.

BACKGROUND: Asthma control is influenced by multiple factors. These factors must be considered when appraising asthma interventions and their effectiveness in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates [UAE]). Based on published studies, the most prevalent asthma treatment in these countries are fixed dose combinations (FDC) of inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist (ICS/LABA). This study is a rapid review of the literature on: (a) factors associated with asthma control in the GCC countries and (b) generalisability of ICS/LABA FDC effectiveness studies. METHODS: To review local factors associated with asthma control and, generalisability of published ICS/LABA FDC studies, two rapid reviews were conducted. Review 1 targeted literature pertaining to asthma control factors in GCC countries. Eligible studies were appraised, and clustering methodology used to summarise factors. Review 2 assessed ICS/LABA FDC studies in conditions close to actual clinical practice (i.e. effectiveness studies). Eligibility was determined by reviewing study characteristics. Evaluation of studies focused on randomised controlled trials (RCTs). In both reviews, initial (January 2018) and updated (November 2019) searches were conducted in EMBASE and PubMed databases. Eligible studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklists. RESULTS: We identified 51 publications reporting factors associated with asthma control. These publications reported studies conducted in Saudi Arabia (35), Qatar (5), Kuwait (5), UAE (3), Oman (1) and multiple countries (2). The most common factors associated with asthma control were: asthma-related education (13 articles), demographics (11articles), comorbidities (11 articles) and environmental exposures (11 articles). Review 2 identified 61 articles reporting ICS/LABA FDC effectiveness studies from countries outside of the GCC. Of these, six RCTs were critically appraised. The adequacy of RCTs in informing clinical practice varied when appraised against previously published criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma-related education was the most recurring factor associated with asthma control in the GCC countries. Moreover, the generalisability of ICS/LABA FDC studies to this region is variable. Hence, asthma patients in the region, particularly those on ICS/LABA FDC, will continue to require physician review and oversight. While our findings provide evidence for local treatment guidelines, further research is required in GCC countries to establish the causal pathways through which asthma-related education influence asthma control for patients on ICS/LABA FDC therapy

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p&lt;0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p&lt;0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised